van Kleef, H. & Jongejans, E.
Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) is listed among the most invasive fish species and has been demonstrated to have adverse impact on native species when present in high numbers. However, not all introductions result in high density populations. There are several possible underlying mechanisms behind this variation in population density (e.g. water quality, availability of nesting substratum and biotic interactions), but their relative importance remains poorly known.